Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a thin tube with a camera and light source to view and operate on internal organs through small incisions in the abdomen. Laparoscopy is a commonly used diagnostic and therapeutic tool in gynaecology, urology, gastroenterology, and other surgical specialities. The laparoscope allows the surgeon to visualise the organs in the abdomen and pelvis in real-time, providing a clear and detailed view of the internal structures.
This technique has many advantages over traditional open surgery, including shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, reduced pain and scarring, and lower risk of complications such as infection and bleeding. Laparoscopy is used for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In gynaecology, laparoscopy diagnoses and treats conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and ectopic pregnancies.
It is also used to perform hysterectomies, myomectomies, and tubal ligations. In urology, laparoscopy removes kidney and bladder stones, diagnoses and treats prostate cancer, and performs other procedures. In gastroenterology, laparoscopy diagnoses and treats gallbladder disease, hernias, and inflammatory bowel disease.
During a laparoscopic procedure, the patient is placed under general anaesthesia, and small incisions are made in the abdomen. Carbon dioxide gas is then used to inflate the stomach, creating space for the laparoscope and surgical instruments to be inserted. The laparoscope is inserted through one of the incisions, and the surgeon uses it to view the organs and guide the surgical instruments inserted through the other incisions.
The surgical instruments perform the necessary procedure, and the laparoscope provides real-time imaging to guide the surgery. Laparoscopy is generally considered a safe and effective surgical technique.
However, like any surgical procedure, it does carry some risks, including bleeding, infection, and damage to internal organs. The risk of complications can be minimised by choosing an experienced and skilled surgeon and following pre- and post-operative instructions carefully.
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