Editorial review 2015-nuclear medicine, diagnostic imaging and therapy
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Hypoxia Imaging
Hypoxia imaging is a technique for visualising and quantifying the amount of oxygen in tissue. It is used in medical imaging to identify areas of tissue that are hypoxic, meaning they have low oxygen levels. Hypoxia is a common problem in many diseases, including cancer, and identifying hypoxic areas can help diagnose and treat these diseases.
Several different methods are available for hypoxia imaging, including PET (positron emission tomography), SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and optical imaging. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of imaging method will depend on the specific application and the desired level of sensitivity and resolution.
PET imaging is one of the most widely used methods for hypoxia imaging. This technique involves injecting a radioactive tracer into the body, which cells take up in areas with low oxygen levels. The tracer emits positrons, which can be detected by a PET scanner, allowing the location and extent of the hypoxic regions to be visualised. SPECT imaging is another method that can be used for hypoxia imaging.
This technique involves injecting a radioactive tracer into the body, which emits gamma rays that a SPECT scanner can detect. SPECT imaging has lower spatial resolution than PET imaging but is less expensive and more widely available. MRI is a non-invasive method for hypoxia imaging that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of the body. This technique can detect changes in oxygen levels in tissue based on changes in the magnetic properties of haemoglobin, which is the protein in red cells that carries oxygen.
Optical imaging is a newer technique for hypoxia imaging that uses light to visualize and quantify oxygen levels in tissue. It is based on the principle that certain fluorescent dyes will fluoresce differently depending on the tissue’s oxygen level. Optical imaging is noninvasive and relatively inexpensive, but it has lower spatial resolution than other imaging methods.
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