Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) represents a significant advancement in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). This innovative therapy utilises molecules called peptides, which are naturally attracted to certain receptors on the surfaces of tumour cells. These peptides are combined with a radioactive substance, creating a targeted radiopharmaceutical. Once administered, PRRT delivers radiation directly to the tumour cells, minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
The process begins with a diagnostic assessment using positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans to identify the presence and density of peptide receptors on the tumour. This step is crucial as it ensures the patient’s tumour has the receptors necessary for the treatment to be effective. The most commonly targeted receptors in PRRT are somatostatin receptors, which are abundant in many types of NETs.
The therapy itself is typically administered through intravenous infusions spaced several weeks apart. Patients might receive up to four treatments, depending on their specific condition and how well they tolerate the therapy. The radionuclides used, such as Lutetium-177 or Yttrium-90, emit radiation that kills the tumour cells by damaging their DNA, preventing them from growing and multiplying.
PRRT has been shown to improve survival rates and quality of life in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours. It is especially beneficial for those who have not responded to other treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or external beam radiation therapy. Moreover, the side effects are generally less severe than those associated with more conventional treatments, with most patients experiencing only mild symptoms like nausea or fatigue.
As research continues and technology advances, PRRT’s potential applications are expanding, promising a new era of precision medicine in oncology. The therapy’s ability to precisely target tumour cells while sparing healthy tissue highlights its role as a cornerstone in the evolving landscape of cancer treatment, offering hope to those battling these challenging conditions.
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