Metastases in cancer refer to the spread of cancer cells from their original location (primary site) to other parts of the body (secondary site) through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Metastatic cancer is considered advanced and more challenging to treat than cancer that has not spread. When cancer cells metastasise, they invade nearby tissues and organs and travel by the blood or lymphatic system to other body regions. Once they reach a new location, they grow and form new tumours.
Metastatic cancer is often named after the part of the body where cancer has spread. For example, if breast cancer spreads to the liver, it is called metastatic breast cancer, not liver cancer. Metastases can occur in any cancer, but some types of cancers are more likely to spread than others. For example, lung, breast, and colon cancers are more likely to metastasise than other types of cancer.
The risk of metastasis also depends on the stage of cancer. The earlier the cancer is found and treated, the lower the risk of metastasis. Symptoms of metastatic cancer can vary depending on where the cancer has spread. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
However, some people with metastatic cancer may not experience any symptoms. Treatment options for metastatic cancer depend on several factors, including the type and phase of cancer, the location of the metastasis, and the patient’s overall health. In some cases, surgery may be an option to remove the metastasis.
However, surgery may not be possible if the cancer has spread to multiple locations or if the metastasis is located in a critical body area. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are also commonly used to treat metastatic cancer. These treatments target cancer cells throughout the body, including those that have spread to other body parts. Targeted therapy is another treatment option that targets specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer growth and spread.
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